Modern History Sourcebook:
Tables Illustrating the Spread of Industrialization
Table 1
Percentage Distribution of the World's
Manufacturing Production,
1870 and 1913
(percentage of world total)
|
1870 |
1913 |
USA |
23.3 |
35.8 |
Germany |
13.2 |
15.7 |
U.K. |
31.8 |
14.0 |
France |
10.3 |
6.4 |
Russia |
3.7 |
5.5 |
Italy |
2.4 |
2.7 |
Canada |
1.0 |
2.3 |
Belgium |
2.9 |
2.1 |
Sweden |
0.4 |
1.0 |
Japan |
|
1.2 |
India |
11.0 |
1.1 |
Other Countries |
|
12.2 |
Table 2
The Rate of Industrial Growth in Five Selected Countries
Indices of Industrial Production
(Base Figures - 1905-13 = 100)
|
UK |
France |
Germany |
Russia |
Italy |
1781-90 |
3.8 |
10.9 |
- |
- |
- |
1801-14 |
7.1 |
12.3 |
- |
- |
- |
1825-34 |
18.8 |
21.5 |
- |
- |
- |
1845-54 |
27.5 |
33.7 |
11.7 |
- |
- |
1865-74 |
49.2 |
49.8 |
24.2 |
13.5 |
42.9 |
1885-94 |
70.5 |
68.2 |
45.3 |
38.7 |
54.6 |
1905-13 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
% of world industrial production in 1913 |
14.0 |
6.4 |
17.7 |
5.5 |
2.7 |
Table 3
Output of Coal and Lignite - Selected Countries, Annual
Averages
(in million metric tonnes)
|
UK |
France |
Germany |
Austria |
Belgium |
Russia |
1820-4 |
17.7 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
1840-4 |
34.2 |
3.5 |
4.4 |
0.52 |
4.1 |
- |
1860-4 |
86.3 |
10.0 |
20.8 |
4.1 |
10.2 |
0.04 |
1880-4 |
158.9 |
20.2 |
65.7 |
17.0 |
17.5 |
3.7 |
1900-4 |
230.4 |
33.0 |
157.3 |
38.8 |
23.3 |
17.3 |
Table 4
Output of Pig Iron - Selected Countries, Annual Averages
(in thousand metric tons)
|
UK |
France |
Germany |
Austria |
Belgium |
Russia |
1781-90 |
69 |
141 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1825-29 |
669 |
212 |
90 |
85 |
- |
164 |
1855-59 |
3,583 |
900 |
422 |
306 |
312 |
254 |
1875-79 |
6,484 |
1,462 |
1,770 |
418 |
484 |
424 |
1900-14 |
8,778 |
2,665 |
7,925 |
1,425 |
1,070 |
2,773 |
Table 5
Growth of the Cotton Industry in Selected Countries
(Cotton Spindles - Selected Countries, Annual Total Figures [in 1000's])
|
UK |
France |
Germany |
Austria |
Belgium |
Russia |
1834 |
10,000 |
2,500 |
626(`36) |
800 |
200 |
700 (1840) |
1877 |
39,500 |
5,000 |
4,700 |
1,558 |
800 |
2,500 |
1913 |
55,700 |
7,400 |
11,186 |
4,909 |
1,492 |
9,212 |
Table 6
[See this data presented in a variety of ways - Table
6 Extra]
Spread of Railways in Ten Selected Countries
(Length of line open [in kilometers [1km = 5/8 mile])
|
1840 |
1860 |
1880 |
1900 |
Austria-Hungary |
144 |
4,543 |
18,507 |
36,330 |
Belgium |
334 |
1,730 |
4,112 |
4,591 |
France |
496 |
9,167 |
23,089 |
38,109 |
Germany |
469 |
11,089 |
33,838 |
51,678 |
Great Britain |
2,390 |
14,603 |
25,060 |
30,079 |
Italy |
20 |
2,404 |
9,290 |
16,429 |
Netherlands |
17 |
335 |
1,846 |
2,776 |
Russia |
27 |
1,626 |
22,865 |
53,234 |
Spain |
- |
1,917 |
7,490 |
13,214 |
Sweden |
- |
527 |
5,876 |
11,303 |
Table 7
Illiteracy in Europe, c. 1850
(Approximate Percentage of Adult Illiterates is Indicated Where Known)
Countries with less than 30%
illiterate |
Countries with 30 to 50% illiterate |
Countries with over 50% illiterate |
Denmark |
Austria 40-45% |
Bulgaria |
Germany |
Belgium 45-50% |
Greece |
(Prussia 20%) |
England 30-33% |
Hungary |
Netherlands |
France 40-45% |
Italy 75-80% |
Scotland 20% |
|
Portugal |
Sweden 10% |
|
Rumania |
Switzerland |
|
Russia 90-95% |
|
|
Serbia |
|
|
Spain 75% |
Table 8
Population
(tentative estimates in millions - much of it guesswork)
* |
1750/1 |
1800/1 |
1850/1 |
1990 |
Great Britain |
7.4 |
10.5 |
20.8 |
57.1 |
France |
21 |
27.3 |
35.8 |
56.1 |
Germany | |
|
|
34.0 |
79.0 |
|-[Germ+Aust] |
18 |
23 |
|
|
Austria | |
|
|
17.5 |
7.6 |
Hungary |
3.5 |
5.0 |
13.2 |
10.5 |
Belgium |
2.2 |
3.1 |
4.3 |
9.9 |
Italy |
16.0 |
19.0 |
24.4 |
57.6 |
Netherlands |
1.6 |
2.1 |
3.1 |
14.9 |
Portugal |
2.3 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
10.5 |
Russia |
28 |
40.0 |
68.5 |
146.4 |
Spain |
8.2 |
10.5 |
15.0 |
39.6 |
Sweden |
1.8 |
2.3 |
3.5 |
8.4 |
EUROPE (approx) |
132.0 |
190.0 |
260.0 |
775.0 |
Notes:
Austria and Hungary in the 19th century included many areas now
independent. Modern Germany is somewhat smaller that Bismarckian Empire. 1990 figures for
Russia are for the Russian Federation. To compare with the 19th century Ukraine's [52
Million] and Belorussia's [10.3 Million] figures must be taken into account.
Sources:
Table 1: League of Nations: Industrialization and World Trade (1945)
Tables 2-7: are based on the statistical appendices in the Fontana
Economic History of Europe Vol 4, Part 2
Table 8: History Faculty at the University of Edinburgh 1978 [keep those
undergraduate notes!]. 1990 figures from World Almanac 1992.
This text is part of the Internet
Modern History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and
copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World history.
Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright.
Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational
purposes and personal use. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No
permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook.
(c)Paul Halsall Aug 1997
The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. The Internet
Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at
the Fordham University Center
for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the
Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in
providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not
the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.
© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 15 November 2024 [CV]
|