Fordham


IHSP

Modern History


Full Texts Multimedia Search Help


Selected Sources Sections Studying History Reformation Early Modern World Everyday Life Absolutism Constitutionalism Colonial North America Colonial Latin America Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Enlightened Despots American Independence French Revolution Industrial Revolution Romanticism Conservative Order Nationalism Liberalism 1848 Revolutions 19C Britain British Empire History 19C France 19C Germany 19C Italy 19C West Europe 19C East Europe Early US US Civil War US Immigration 19C US Culture Canada Australia & New Zealand 19C Latin America Socialism Imperialism Industrial Revolution II Darwin, Freud, Einstein 19C Religion World War I Russian Revolution Age of Anxiety Depression Fascism Nazism Holocaust World War II Bipolar World US Power US Society Western Europe Since 1945 Eastern Europe Since 1945 Decolonization Asia Since 1900 Africa Since 1945 Middle East Since 1945 20C Latin America Modern Social Movements Post War Western Thought Religion Since 1945 Modern Science Pop Culture 21st Century
IHSP Credits
Modern History Sourcebook:
Tables Illustrating the Spread of Industrialization

Table 1

Percentage Distribution of the World's Manufacturing Production,

1870 and 1913

(percentage of world total)

1870

1913

USA 23.3 35.8
Germany 13.2 15.7
U.K. 31.8 14.0
France 10.3 6.4
Russia 3.7 5.5
Italy 2.4 2.7
Canada 1.0 2.3
Belgium 2.9 2.1
Sweden 0.4 1.0
Japan 1.2
India 11.0 1.1
Other Countries 12.2

Table 2

The Rate of Industrial Growth in Five Selected Countries

Indices of Industrial Production

(Base Figures - 1905-13 = 100)

UK

France

Germany

Russia

Italy

1781-90 3.8 10.9 - - -
1801-14 7.1 12.3 - - -
1825-34 18.8 21.5 - - -
1845-54 27.5 33.7 11.7 - -
1865-74 49.2 49.8 24.2 13.5 42.9
1885-94 70.5 68.2 45.3 38.7 54.6
1905-13 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
% of world industrial production in 1913 14.0 6.4 17.7 5.5 2.7

Table 3

Output of Coal and Lignite - Selected Countries, Annual Averages

(in million metric tonnes)

UK

France

Germany

Austria

Belgium

Russia

1820-4 17.7 1.1 1.2 0.1 - -
1840-4 34.2 3.5 4.4 0.52 4.1 -
1860-4 86.3 10.0 20.8 4.1 10.2 0.04
1880-4 158.9 20.2 65.7 17.0 17.5 3.7
1900-4 230.4 33.0 157.3 38.8 23.3 17.3

Table 4

Output of Pig Iron - Selected Countries, Annual Averages

(in thousand metric tons)

UK

France

Germany

Austria

Belgium

Russia

1781-90 69 141 - - - -
1825-29 669 212 90 85 - 164
1855-59 3,583 900 422 306 312 254
1875-79 6,484 1,462 1,770 418 484 424
1900-14 8,778 2,665 7,925 1,425 1,070 2,773

Table 5

Growth of the Cotton Industry in Selected Countries

(Cotton Spindles - Selected Countries, Annual Total Figures [in 1000's])

UK

France

Germany

Austria

Belgium

Russia

1834 10,000 2,500 626(`36) 800 200 700 (1840)
1877 39,500 5,000 4,700 1,558 800 2,500
1913 55,700 7,400 11,186 4,909 1,492 9,212

Table 6

[See this data presented in a variety of ways - Table 6 Extra]

Spread of Railways in Ten Selected Countries

(Length of line open [in kilometers [1km = 5/8 mile])

1840

1860

1880

1900

Austria-Hungary 144 4,543 18,507 36,330
Belgium 334 1,730 4,112 4,591
France 496 9,167 23,089 38,109
Germany 469 11,089 33,838 51,678
Great Britain 2,390 14,603 25,060 30,079
Italy 20 2,404 9,290 16,429
Netherlands 17 335 1,846 2,776
Russia 27 1,626 22,865 53,234
Spain - 1,917 7,490 13,214
Sweden - 527 5,876 11,303

Table 7

Illiteracy in Europe, c. 1850

(Approximate Percentage of Adult Illiterates is Indicated Where Known)

Countries with less than 30% illiterate

Countries with 30 to 50% illiterate

Countries with over 50% illiterate

Denmark Austria 40-45% Bulgaria
Germany Belgium 45-50% Greece
(Prussia 20%) England 30-33% Hungary
Netherlands France 40-45% Italy 75-80%
Scotland 20% Portugal
Sweden 10% Rumania
Switzerland Russia 90-95%
Serbia
Spain 75%

Table 8

Population

(tentative estimates in millions - much of it guesswork)

*

1750/1

1800/1

1850/1

1990

Great Britain 7.4 10.5 20.8 57.1
France 21 27.3 35.8 56.1
Germany | 34.0 79.0
|-[Germ+Aust] 18 23
Austria | 17.5 7.6
Hungary 3.5 5.0 13.2 10.5
Belgium 2.2 3.1 4.3 9.9
Italy 16.0 19.0 24.4 57.6
Netherlands 1.6 2.1 3.1 14.9
Portugal 2.3 2.9 3.5 10.5
Russia 28 40.0 68.5 146.4
Spain 8.2 10.5 15.0 39.6
Sweden 1.8 2.3 3.5 8.4
EUROPE (approx) 132.0 190.0 260.0 775.0

Notes:

Austria and Hungary in the 19th century included many areas now independent. Modern Germany is somewhat smaller that Bismarckian Empire. 1990 figures for Russia are for the Russian Federation. To compare with the 19th century Ukraine's [52 Million] and Belorussia's [10.3 Million] figures must be taken into account.

Sources:

Table 1: League of Nations: Industrialization and World Trade (1945)

Tables 2-7: are based on the statistical appendices in the Fontana Economic History of Europe Vol 4, Part 2

Table 8: History Faculty at the University of Edinburgh 1978 [keep those undergraduate notes!]. 1990 figures from World Almanac 1992.


This text is part of the Internet Modern History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World history.

Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook.

(c)Paul Halsall Aug 1997



The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of  Fordham University, New York. The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University.  Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.

© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 15 November 2024 [CV]