Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Scientific, Political, & Industrial Revolution
Paul Halsall, halsall@fordham.edu,
Sourcebook Compiler
Research Help: Although I am more than happy to receive notes if you have comments on this web site, I
cannot answer specific research enquiries [and - for students - I cannot, or rather will
not, do your homework.] See the HELP! page
for more suggestions on texts and research.
IMPORTANT: New Structure for the Modern History SourcebookAs of January 20 1999, the Internet Modern History Sourcebook has been completely reorganized. Each of the main sections had became too large
[nearly 300k] to maintain as one file. To see the new arrangement go to the Main Index. The four older index files - Early Modern | Three Revolutions (this page) | 19th Century | Modern World - will
all remain available indefinitely, and the URLs of individual files will not alter. But no
new texts (after 12/31/1998) will be added to these large index pages. For new texts, use
the new structure, or check the New Additions page.The new structure also includes a comprehensive Full Texts index, a HELP! page, and a Search page.
Contents
- Main
- Early Modern Europe
- I: Reformation Europe
- Luther
- Calvin
- Radical Reformers
- English and Scottish Reformation
- Catholic Reformation
- Conflict
- Women and Reformation
- II: The Ancien Regime
- The Early Modern World System
- Structures of Life
- Structures of Politics - Absolutism
- England, Holland, and America - Alternative Polities and Economies
- Scientific, Political, and Industrial Revolutions:
The Transformation of the West [this page]
- The Long 19th Century: The Hegemony
of the West
- VI: The Century of Ideology and Power
- The Council of Vienna System and Challenges
- Nationalism
- Liberalism
- Conservatism
- 19th-Century Feminism
- 1848: Europe in Revolt
- Britain
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Other Western European Countries
- Eastern European Countries
- Power and Ideology in the US: North vs. South
- Canada: Another North American Society
- Latin America
- Australia and New Zealand
- Responses to Economic Growth: Socialism and Marxism
- Responses to Economic Growth: Imperialism
- The Second Industrial Revolution and Advanced Capitalism
- Contradictions of the Enlightenment: Darwin, Freud, Einstein and Modern Art
- Religion in the Face of Modernity
- War, Conflict and Progress: The
Emerging World
- VII: The End of European Hegemony
- World War I
- The Russian Revolution
- An Age of Anxiety?
- The Depression
- Nazism and World War II
- The Holocaust
- VIII: World Since 1945
- A Bipolar World
- America as World Leader: External Power, Internal Change
- Europe, Yalta to Malta
- Decolonization
- Globalization
- Modern Latin America
- Social Movements
- Post-War Popular Culture
- Post-World War II Philosophy
- Post-World War II Religious Thought
- Science and Technology
- New Additions Page
From July 1, 1998 additions to the Modern History Sourcebook will be recorded in this list of document accessions.
III: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution
- SUMMARY: The Scientific
Revolution
- 2ND Thomas S. Kuhn: Structure of Scientific Revolutions,
1962 [At BGSU]
Summary of theories of an important modern theorist of the idea of scientific
revolution.
- WEB See The Galileo Project [At Rice] for a
website focused on the early scientific revolution.
- Traditional Aristotelianism
- Aristotle
- The Great Chain of Being
- New Medieval Analyses of Motion
- Buridan
- Nicholas Oresme (1323-1382): Basic
Information [At St. Andrews]
An important late medieval scientist. Not all was dark before Copernicus. Oresme, Catholic
Bishop of Lisieux, wrote on the nature of light, and invented coordinate geometry long
before Descartes.
- The Challenge: Astonomy in the 16th Century
- Galileo Galilei: The Turning Point
- Philosophy of Science: Induction/Deduction
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626): from First Book of Aphorisms [At this Site]
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626): Preface
to the Novum Organum [At Hanover]
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626): The New Atlantis,
1626, excerpts [At Clinch Valley College]
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626): The New Atlantis, 1627
[At this Site]
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626): The New
Atlantis, 1626 [At ArtBin][Full Text]
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626): Various Texts [index at
Hanover]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): On Francis Bacon, from
Letters on the English or Lettres Philosophiques, c. 1778 [At this Site]
- Ben Jonson (1573-1625): On Lord Francis Bacon, 1625
[At this Site]
- Réne Descartes (1596-1650): Discourse
on Method, 1637, extracts [At WSU]
- Réne Descartes (1596-1650): Discourse on Method,
1637 [At Wiretap][Full text]
- Réne Descartes (1596-1650): Méditations, 1641 [At
Wright][Full text][Trilingual edition: Latin, French, and English]
- The Creation of Classical Physics
- New Medical Theories
- Scientific Institutions
- The Scientific Attitude
The Enlightenment
- WEB Eighteenth Century Resources [At Upenn]
- WEB Web Guide to Historians and Philsophers [At Copenhagen]
- WEB Restoration and Eighteenth
Century English Literature [At ACCD]
Listing of the major British authors, with dates of their works, and links to the works
when online.
- SUMMARY: Rebirth of
Philosophy: Empiricism and Rationalism
- Precursors
- The Enlightenment as a Propaganda Project
- Denis Diderot (1713-1784): Encyclopedie [At Chicago]
This is a link to the beginning of a complete online version of the Encyclopedia.
- Denis Diderot (1713-1784): Regrets sur ma
vieille robe de chambre ou avis à ceux qui ont plus de goût que de fortune, 1772, in
French [At Bib. Lisieux]
- Jean La Rond D'Alembert: Preliminary
Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot [At WSU]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Letters on Newton,
from the Letters on the English or Lettres Philosophiques, c. 1778 [At this
Site]
RG Reading Guide
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Letters on the English or Lettres
Philosophiques, full text, c. 1778 [At this Site]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau: Profession of Faith of a
Savoyard Vicar, 1782 [At this Site]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Patrie, in The
Philosophical Dictionary, 1752 [At this Site]
Voltaire's attack on national chauvinism - and his views than people should be citizens of
the world.
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Poème
sur le désastre de Lisbonne, 1756 [At Geneva][In French]
- Rev. Charles Davy: The Earthquake at Lisbon, 1755 [At
this Site]
It was this earthquake that was behind Candide, and Voltaire's attack on Leibniz
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Candide,
1759, excerpts [At Clinch Valley College]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Candide, 1759
[At Virginia Tech][Full Text]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): A
Treatise on Toleration, 1763 [At WSU]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Traité
sur la tolérance, 1763 [At Geneva][In French]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): On English Government,
from Philosophical Dictionary, 1764 [At Civnet]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Les
droits des hommes et les usurpations des papes, 1768 [At Geneva][In French]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): Selections
from the Philosophical Dictionary [At Hanover]
- Charles Louis de Secondat Montesquieu (1689-1755): Persian Letters, Nos. 11
& 12, 1721 [At Clinch.edu]
- Charles Louis de Secondat Montesquieu (1689-1755): Persian
Letters, No. 13, 1721 [At this Site]
- The Enlightenment and Political Analysis
- SUMMARY: Enlightenment
Political Thought
- Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755): The Spirit of the Laws, 1748, excerpts [At this Site]
- Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755): The Spirit of the Laws,
1748, alternative excerpts [At Clinch Valley College]
- Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke: On
Patriotism, 1730-1754 [At this Site]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau: A Dissertation On the
Origin and Foundation of the Inequality of Mankind, Parts 1 and 2, 1755, extended
excerpts, [At this Site]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): A Discourse Upon
The Origin and The Foundation of The Inequality among Mankind, full text, [At this
Site]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): Second Discourse on
the Origins of Inequality, 1755 [At this Site]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): Discours sur l'Origine et les
Fondements de l'Inégalité parmi les Hommes, 1755 [At Geneva][Full Text][In French]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract, 1763,
extended excerpts, [At this Site]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): The Social Contract,
1763, extracts [At this Site]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): The
Social Contract, 1763, extracts [At WSU]
RG Reading Guide
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): Du contrat social, 1763
[At Geneva][Full Text][In French]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): Emile: Chapter 2 [At
Clinch Valley College]
- Cesare Beccaria: An Essay on Crimes and Punishments,
excerpts [At this Site]
- The Enlightenment Evaluation of the Human Condition
- The Enlightenment and Economics
- Adam Smith (1723-90): Wealth
of Nations, 1776, chapter 1 [At WSU]
On the division of labor.
- Adam Smith (1723-90): Wealth
of Nations, 1776, extracts [At WSU]
On prices
- Adam Smith (1723-90), Of Colonies,
from The Wealth of Nations, 1776 [At American Revolution]
- Adam Smith (1723-90), The Cost of Empire,
from The Wealth of Nations, 1776 [At American Revolution]
- Adam Smith (1723-90): Wealth of Nations,
Full Text. [At Artbin]
- Adam Smith (1723-90): The Wealth of Nations,
in chapter files, full text, [At Bibliomania]
- Enlightenment and Philosophy
- David Hume: Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature [At this Site]
- David Hume (1711-1776): Of the Standard of Taste, 1760
[At this Site]
- Edmund Burke: On Taste, c. 1756 [At this Site]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): On Paternalism, from On
the Relationship of Theory to Practice in Political Right, 1792 [At Civnet]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Critique of Pure Reason, 1781,
(1929 Norman Kemp Smith translation), excerpts [At this Site]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Prolegomena to Any
Future Metaphysics, and RTF Version,
1783 [At Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy][Full text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): What is Enlightenment?, 1784
[At this Site]
- Michel Foucault (1926-84): What is
Enlightenment? [At Lund]
- Enlightenment Attitudes
- The Social Setting
- Enlightenment Philosophy - Full Texts
- Michel de Montaigne: Essays,
1575 [At HK][Full Text]
More a pre-cursor than an Enlightenment thinker!
- John Locke (1632-1704): An Essay
Concerning Human Understanding, 1690 [At Virginia Tech][Full text]
- George Berkeley: A treatise
concerning the principles of human knowledge, 1710 [At UTM][Full Text]
- George Berkeley: A Defence
of Free-Thinking in Mathematics [At Trinity College Dublin][Full Text]
- Gottfried Leibniz: The
Monadology, 1714. [At UTM][Full Text]
- Adam Smith (1723-90): Theory of Moral
Sentiments, 1759 [At McMaster][Full text]
- David Hume: Enquiry
Concerning Human Understanding [At CMU] or Parts I-VII and Parts VIII- [At Artbin][Full Text]
- David Hume: Essays on
Suicide and Immortality, 1783 ed. [At CMU][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): The
Metaphysical Elements of Ethics, 1780 [At HK][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): The critique of
pure reason, 1781 [At liu.se][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Critique
of Pure Reason, 1781 , (1929 Norman Kemp Smith translation) [At UHK][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Introduction to the
metaphysics of morals, 1785 [At liu.se][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Fundamental
principles of the metaphysic of morals, 1785 [At liu.se][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Fundamental
Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals [At Virginia Tech][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Critique of
practical reason, 1788 [At liu.se][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Critique
Of Judgment, 1790, [At CMU][Full Text]
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): The Science
Of Right, 1790, [At CMU][Full Text]
- Enlightenment Politics and Economics - Full Texts
- Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws, Translated by
Thomas Nugent, revised by J. V. Prichard, 1914 ed., [At Constitution.org][Full text]
- Jean Jacques Rousseau: A Discourse
on Political Economy, 1755, [At Constitution.org][Full text]
- Adam Smith (1723-90): Wealth of Nations,
1776 [At Virginia Text][Full text]
- Adam Ferguson: An Essay on
the History of Civil Society, 1767 [At McMaster][Full text]
- Caesar Beccaria: A Discourse on
Public Economy and Commerce [At McMaster][Full text]
- Caesar Beccaria: A Discourse on
Public Economy and Commerce [At Bristol][Full text]
- David Hume (1711-1776): Selected
Essays, [At Constitution.org][Full texts]
- David Hume (1711-1776): Of the
Original Contract, 1748, [At Constitution.org][Full text]
- David Hume (1711-1776): Idea of a
Perfect Commonwealth, 1754, [At Constitution.org][Full text]
- David Hume (1711-1776): On Interest [At McMaster][Full text]
- David Hume (1711-1776): On the Balance of
Trade [At McMaster][Full text]
- David Hume (1711-1776): On Money,
1752 [At McMaster][Full text]
- Jeremy Bentham: Defence of Usury,
1787 [At Mcmaster][Full text]
- Blackstone's Commentaries, with
notes by St. George Tucker, 1803, [At Constitution.org][Full text]
- David Ricardo (1772-1823): The
principles of political economy and taxation, 1815 (third ed. 1821) [At McMaster][Full
text]
- James Kent: Commentaries on American
Law, 1826, [At Constitution.org][Full text]
Government in the Age of
Enlightenment
- Peter the Great and the Rise of Russia, 1682-1725, various
accounts [At this Site]
- Catherine the Great of Russia: Various Documents on
Enlightenment and Government, excerpts [At this Site]
- Frederick II of Prussia (1740-1786): Essay on Forms of Government,
excerpts [At this Site]
- Frederick II of Prussia (1740-1786): Political
Testament, excerpts [At Northpark]
- Joseph II of Austria: Ideals [At
CCNY]
- The Division of Poland, 1772, 1793, 1795
[At this Site]
- The Decline of the Holy Roman Empire and the Rise of Prussia,
1700-1786 [At this Site] Contains:
- Samuel Pufendorf: History of the Principal Kingdoms, 1700
- Count von Seckendorf: On Frederick William I
- Isaac Isaacsohn: History of the Prussian Civil Service
- Letters of Prince Frederick and Frederick William I
- Frederick II (1740-1786): Memoirs
- Frederick II (1740-1786): Essay on Froms of Government
Religion in an Age of Reason
- Opposition to Religion
- Rational Christianity
- Evangelicalism
- Catholic Pietism
- Jewish Responses
Back to Index
IV: American and French Revolutions
American Independence
- WEB See the Avalon Project - American 18th Century Documents [At
Yale]
- WEB See the American Revolution Site for
Documents and Essays
- WEB The
American Revolution [At H-Net]
- WEB Documents Relating to American
Foreign Policy -Pre-1898 [At Mt. Holyoke]
- WEB The Revolutionary
Generation in America [Course at Brooklyn College]
- American Origins
- Richard Hakluyt: Discourse
of Western Planting, 1584 [At American Revolution]
- Thomas Hariot: A Briefe
and True Report of the New Found Land of VIRGINIA, full text, [At Virginia]
- Samuel de Champlain, Voyages, excerpts,
1604 [At American Revolution]
- Samuel de Champlain: The Foundation of Quebec, 1608 [At
this Site]
- Instructions for
the Virginia Colony, 1606 [At American Revolution]
- The First
Virginia Charter, 1606 [At American Revolution]
- The Second
Virginia Charter, 1609 [At American Revolution]
- The Third
Virginia Charter, 1612 [At American Revolution]
- First, Second, & Third Virginia Charters [At U
Oklahoma]
- An Ordinance and
Constitution of the Virginia Company in England for a Council of State and General
Assembly, 24 July 1621 [At American Revolution]
- Charter of Massachusetts Bay, 1629
[At U Oklahoma] or here [At
American Revolution]
- William Bradford: History of Plymouth Plantation, c.
1650 [At this Site]
- Mayflower Compact, 1620 [At
Yale], or here [At
Civnet] or here [At American Revolution]
- John Winthrop: A Model of
Christian Charity, 1630 [At Hanover]
- Anne Bradstreet: A Dialogue
Between Old England and New, 1630 [At Hanover]
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut,
1639 [At Yale] or here [At Civnet] or here [At
American Revolution]
- Massachusett's Body of Liberties,
1641 [At Hanover College]
- Massachusett's Body of Liberties: The
Body of Liberties, 1-49, and The
Body of Liberties, 50-98, 1641 [At Hanover College]
- John Winthrop: Arbitrary government described and the
Government of the Massachusetts vindicated from that aspersion, 1644 [At this Site]
- The Maryland
Toleration Act, 1649 [At American Revolution]
- Sir Henry Vane: Healing Question, 1656 [At this
Site]
A proposal for civil and religious liberty by the former governor of Massachusetts.
- Connecticut Colony Charter, 1662
[At U Oklahoma]
- Samuel Green, ed.: Groton
in Witchcraft Times, c.1671 [At Hanover]
- First Thanksgiving Proclamation,
1676 [At U Oklahoma]
- Bacon's
Declaration in the Name of the People, 30 July 1676 [At American Revolution]
The rebellion in Virginia
- Governor William Berkely: On Bacon's Rebellion,
19 May 1676 [At American Revolution]
- Edward Randolph Condemnation of
the Massachussetts Bay Company, 12 June 1683 [At American Revolution]
- Memoir for the
Marquis de Seignelay Regarding the Dangers That Threaten Canada and the Means to Remedy
Them, January 1687 [At American Revolution]
- Instructions to Sir Edmund
Andros, 1686 [At Hanover]
- Commercial Orders to Governor
Andros, 1686-1687 [At Hanover]
- Orders For Sending Sir Edmund
Andros To England, 1689 [At Hanover]
- William Penn (1644-1718): Some Fruits of Solitude In
Reflections And Maxims, 1682 full text, [At this Site]
- Penn's Plan for a Union,
1697 [At American Revolution]
- William III: Address
to Parliament on the French Question, 31 December 1701 [At American Revolution]
- Robert Beverley: On
Bacon's Rebellion, 1704 [At American Revolution]
- The North
Carolina Biennal Act, 1715 [At American Revolution]
- Governor Gabriel Johnston: Request to repeal
the Biennal act, 18 October 1736 (translated) [At American Revolution]
- Disposition
of the North Carolina Biennal Act, 1737 (translated)
- Massachusetts House of Representatives: On the Governor's
Salary, 11 September 1728 (translated) [At American Revolution]
- Governor Burnet of Massachusetts: On the Governor's
Salary, 17 September 1728 (translated) [At American Revolution]
- French Memoir: On
the English Aggression, October 1750 [At American Revolution]
- Marquis de la Galissoniere: Memoir on the French
Colonies in North America, December 1750 [At American Revolution]
- Petition to Parliament: Reasons for making bar, as
well as pig or sow-iron, ca. 1750 [At American Revolution]
- Petition to Parliament: Reason against a general
prohibition of the Iron Manufacture in Plantations [At American Revolution]
- Albany Plan of Union,
1754 [At Civnet] or here [At American Revolution]
- John Woolman (1720-1772): Journal, full text, [At this
Site]
Journal of an 18th century English Quaker and his travels among Friends in America.
- J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur (1735-1813): What Is an
American? [At this Site]
- J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur (1735-1813): Letters From An American
Farmer: Letter 3: What is an American, 1782 [At UVA]
- J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur (1735-1813): Letters From An American Farmer [At UVA][Full Text]
- Scottish Immigration to the American Colonies, 1772
[At this Site]
- Early New York
- Benjamin Franklin
- American Revolution
- Governor Glen, The
Role of the Indians in the Rivalry Between France, Spain, and England, 1761
- Peace Treaty of
Paris, 1763 [At American Revolution]
- Daniel Dulany: Considerations,
October 1765 [At American Revolution]
- Soame Jenyns: The
Objections to the taxation consider'd, 1765 [At American Revolution]
- The Resolutions of the Stamp Act,
Oct. 19, 1765 [At U Oklahoma] or
- here [At American
Revolution]
- William Pitt: Speech
on the Stamp Act, January 14 1766 [At American Revolution]
- John Dickenson: Letter
2, from Letters from a Farmer, 1767-1768 [At American Revolution]
- John Dickenson: Letter
4, from Letters from a Farmer, 1767-1768 [At American Revolution]
- Captain Preston: Account of the
Boston Massacre, March 5 1770 [At American Revolution]
- Anonymous: Account
of the Boston Massacre, March 5 1770 [At American Revolution]
- Samuel Adams: The Rights of the
Colonists, 1772 [At Hanover]
- First
Continental Congress, October 1774 [At American Revolution]
- Declaration
and Resolves of the First Continental Congress, October 1774 [At American Revolution]
or here, October 1774 [At
Yale]
- The Charlotte
Town Resolves, 1775 [At American Revolution]
- Daniel Leonard: Letter,
of January 9, 1775 [At American Revolution]
- John Adams: Novanglus,
February 6, 1775 [At American Revolution]
- Patrick Henry: Give Me Liberty or Give
Me Death, March 23, 1775 [At U Oklahoma]
- Mecklenberg Declaration of Independence, May 1775 [At
this Site]
- Yankee Doodle [At U Oklahoma]
- Thomas Paine (1737-1809): The
American Crisis [At Yale]
- Second Continental Congress: Declaration of the Causes
and Necessity of Taking up Arms, July 6 1775 [At American Revolution] or Declaration of Arms July 6, 1775 [At
U Oklahoma]
- Edmund Burke (1729-1797): On Conciliation with
America, March 22, 1775 [At American Revolution]
- Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense, full text [At
this Site]
- Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense, Jan
1776 [At American Revolution] or Plain Text
Version][at HK]
- Loyalism
- Charles Inglis: The True Interest
of America Impartially Stated, 1776 [At American Revolution]
- George Washington: Letter
to John Hancock, September 24, 1776 [At American Revolution]
- Thomas Jefferson: Draft of the
Declaration of Independence [At American Revolution]
- Declaration of Independence,
1776 [At Yale] or here [At American Revolution]
- Locke's Second Treatise/Declaration of
Independence, side by side [At Anesi]
- Albigence Waldo: From
the diary of a Surgeon at Valley Forge, 1777 [At American Revolution]
- Exchange of Notes Re: Articles 2
and 3 of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with France, February 6, 1778 [At Yale]
- Thomas Paine, The
American Crisis, 1780-1783 [At American Revolution]
- Ebenezer Denny: From His
diary, 1781 [At American Revolution]
Describing the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown
- Samuell Searls: Letter, May
12, 1782 [At American Revolution]
- Paris Peace Treaty, 1783 [At
Yale] or here [At
American Revolution]
- 2ND Intelligence in the
American War of Independence [At ODCI]
- The Establishment of the American State
- WEB Rare
& Historical Newspapers [At Early America] [At U Oklahoma]
- Albany Plan of Union,
1754 [At Civnet]
- Articles of Confederation,
1781 [At Yale] or here [At
American Revolution]
- The Federalist Papers [index at Yale] or here [At American Revolution]
- The Jefferson Papers [index
at Yale]
- James Madison : Notes on
Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 [At Yale]
- Virginia Declaration of Rights,
1776 [At Yale] or here [At
American Revolution]
- Thomas Jefferson: Draft
for a Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, 1779 [At American Revolution]
- Virginia Stature for
Religious Freedom, 1786 [At Civnet]
Drafted by Jefferson and Madison, Jefferson considered it one of his greates achievements.
The basis for the later First Amendment.
- James Madison: Memorial
and Remonstrance, 1785 [At American Revolution] or Memorial and Remonstrance June 20, 1785
[At U Oklahoma]
- Annapolis Convention Sept. 14,
1786 [At U Oklahoma] or here [At
American Revolution]
- James Madison:Speech
proposing the Bill of Rights, June 8, 1789 [At American Revolution] and here [At LSU]
- James Madison: The Federalist
No.10, 1787 [At Civnet]
- United States Constitution,
1787 [At Yale] or here [At American Revolution]
- Letter of Transmittal of the U.S.
Constitution Sept. 17, 1787 [At U Oklahoma] or here [At
American Revolution]
- Bill of Rights
and the Amendments to The Constitution [At American Revolution]
- The Judiciary Act of 1789 [At Civnet]
established federal judiciary.
- George Washington: Thanksgiving Proclamation, 1789
[At this Site]
- Proclamation
of Neutrality, 1793 [At American Revolution]
- Fugitive Slave Law 1793
[At U Oklahoma]
- The Jay Treaty,
1794 [At American Revolution]
- George Washington: Farewell
Address, 1796 [At Civnet] or here [At American
Revolution]
Washington's call the avoidance of "entangling alliances".
- John Adams: Inaugural
address, 1797 [At American Revolution]
- Inaugural Addresses of US Presidents,
1789-1997, Index [At this Site]
- WEB Papers of George Washington [At Virginia]
- Sedition Act July 14, 1798
[At U Oklahoma]
- Thomas Jefferson: First
Inaugural, 1801 [At Civnet] or here [At American
Revolution]
- Thomas Jefferson: Autobiography 1743-1790, 1821 [At
this Site]
Includes his account of events in Paris in 1789.
- WEB Works of Thomas Jefferson [At Virgina Tech]
- Commentators on America
- Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy
in America, 1831, excerpts [At Hanover]
- Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy
in America, Bk II, Chapters 22, 24, 25 [At Mt. Holyoke]
- Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America,
excerpts, Book II: Chapter 8: Book III, Chapters 3, 4 [At this Site]
- Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America, 1835, excerpts [At Civnet]
- Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy
in America [At Virginia][Full Text]
- Native Americans
- WEB See Native American Resources on
the Web
- WEB US Treaties with Native
Americans: 1778-1868 [At Yale]
Contains treaties/documents dealing with the following peoples: 1778: Delawares; 1782
Chickasaw; 1784 Six Nations; 1785 Wyandot, Cherokee; 1786 Chocktaw, Chickasaw,
Shawnee; 1789 Wyandot, Six Nations; 1790 Creeks; 1791 Cherokee; 1794 Cherokee, Six
Nations, Oneida; 1795 Greenville; 1805 Chickasaw; 1816 Chickasaw; 1818 Chickasaw; 1826
Chickasaws and Choctaws; 1828 Potawatami; 1830 Chickasaw; 1832 Potawatami; 1852
Apache; 1853 Comanche, Kiowa, and Apache; 1865 Cheyenne and Arapaho; Apache, Cheyenne, and
Arapaho; 1867 Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache; 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty.
- WEB Statutes of the United
States Concerning Native Americans: Chronological [At Yale]
- WEB Relations Between The United States
and Native Americans [At Yale]
Statutes, treaties, cases, and presidential messages to Congress.
- Thomas Morton: Manners and Customs of the Indians (of New
England), 1637 [At this Site]
- Governor Glen, The
Role of the Indians in the Rivalry Between France, Spain, and England, 1761 [At
American Revolution]
- The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy [At this Site]
- Remonstrance of the Pennsylvania Frontiersmen: On the
Indians, 1764 [At this Site]
Calls for the removal of Indians.
- Chief Black Hawk (1767-1838): Autobiography [At this Site]
- Black Hawk: Surrender
Speech, 1832 [At Civnet]
- Smallpox, Indians, and Blankets [At this Site]
- The Treaty of Greenville, 1795 [At this Site] or here [At American
Revolution]
- Cherokee Nation v. State of
Georgia, 1831 [At Mt. Holyoke] or here [At
American Revolution]
- The Autobiography of
Geronimo, full text, [At American Revolution]
- Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881): The Destiny of the Indian,
1851 [At this Site]
- The Dawes Act,
1887 [At Yale]
An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various
Reservations, and to Extend the Protection of the Laws of the United States and the
Territories over the Indians, and for Other Purposes.
- Slavery
- Pope Nicholas V: Bull Authorizing African Slave Trade
- Pope Paul III: Sublimus
Dei [On Slavery], 1537 [At American]
A Papal Bull attacking the slave trade. The first pope to condemn slavery as
"intrinsically evil" was John Paul II.
- Gottlieb
Mittelberger, On the Misfortune indentured Servants [At American Revolution]
- Chart: Atlantic Slave Trade: Carriers and Destinations of
Enslaved People [At this Site]
- Oladuah Equiano: The Life of Gustavus Vassa [At this Site]
- Oladuah Equiano: The Life of
Gustavus Vassa [At Northpark]
- Oladuah Equiano: The
Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African,
London, 1789 [At Hanover]
- Abraham up Den graef: A Minute
Against Slavery, 1688. [At Quaker Writings]
The first religious protest against slavery in America, made at a Quaker meeting house.
- Slaves' Appeal to Thomas Gage, Royal Governor of
Massachusetts, May 25 1774 [At this Site]
An interesting use by enslaved people of arguments drawn from Natural Rights theory,
Christian brotherhood, and moral outrage.
- Thomas Jefferson: Notes
on Slavery [At American Revolution]
- John Wesley (1703-91): Thoughts
Upon Slavery, 1774 [At UMC]
Wesley was opposed to slavery, but this is interesting as it includes explict descriptions
of the way in which people were enslaved and treated. A great example of the moral force
of Evangelical Christianity.
- Brother Joseph Mobberly SJ.: Slavery, or Cham,
c.1818 [At Georgetown]
A defense of slavery by an American Jesuit.
Liberal and Radical
Revolution in France
- WEB Livre des sources médiévales
Contains considerable material in French on the Ancien Regime and the Revolution.
- WEB French Revolution Links [At Portsmouth]
- SUMMARY: The French
Revolution
- Lead-Up
- Liberal Revolution
- Radical Revolution
- Documents of the National
Convention, c. 1792 [At Hanover]
- Proclamation of the Duke of
Brunswick, 1792 [At Hanover]
The threat that lead to the onset of the French Revolutionary wars.
- Ça Ira [At this Site]
The most popular of the revolutionary songs
- The Marseillaise [At this Site] and Midi File [At National Anthems of
the World] or All Seven Verses in
French with audio [At Geocities]
- The Leveé en Masse, August 23, 1793 [At this Site]
- The Doctrine of
Graccus Babeufh, 1795 [At Clinch Valley College]
- Conversion of
French revolutionary and Common Era Dates [At CIS]
- Edmund Burke (1729-1797): The Death of Marie Antoinette [At
this Site]
- St. Just (d.1794): Republican
Institutes [At Hanover]
- Maximilian Robespierre (1758-94): On the Festival of
the Supreme Being,, 1794 [At this Site]
- Maximilien Robespierre (1758-94): On the Principles of
Political Morality, 1794, excerpts [At this Site]
- Maximilian Robespierre (1758-94): Terror and Virtue,
1794 [At this Site]
RG Reading Guide
- 2ND Gwynne Lewis: The
People and the French Revolution [At Warwick]
- Responses to Revolution
Napoleon, Reaction and
Romanticism
Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821)
Romanticism
- Roots of Romanticism
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): Confessions,
1782 [At Virginia Text][Full text]
- Romantic Philosophy
- Romanticism in the Arts
- WEB Voice of the Shuttle: The English
Romantics
- WEB The Romantic Movement in
British Literature [At ACCD]
Listing of the major British authors, with dates of their works, and links to the works
when online.
- Romanticism in Painting [At Hanover]
Paintings by Gros, Goya, Delacroix, Turner
- Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805): Wilhelm
Tell, 1805, full text [At Yggdrasil]
- Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805): An
Ode to Joy [At Yggdrasil]
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Faust, 1808, excerpts
[At Clinch Valley College]
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Faust,
1808 [At Virginia Tech][Full Text][In English]
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Faust,
1808 [At Hamburg][Full Text][In German]
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla
Khan or, a Vision In a Dream: A Fragment, 1816 [At WSU]
- Lord Byron: The Isles of Greece [At this Site]
- Mary Shelley (1797-1851): The Last Man , 1822 [At this
Site]
- Horace Walpole: The
Castle of Otranto, full text [At CMU]
- Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859): Confessions of an English
Opium Eater [At Drug Library]
- Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859): Levana and Our Ladies of
Sorrow, 1821 [At this Site]
- Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832): The Patriot [At Warwick]
- Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832): Ivanhoe [At
Wiretap][Full Text]
- Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832): Selected Poetry [At
Toronto]
- Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881): On Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832),
1838 [At this Site]
- William Wordsworth (1770-1850): The
World is Too Much With Us, 1807 [At WSU]
- William Wordsworth (1770-1850): Tintern Abbey [At
this Site]
- Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797): Maria, 1795-97 [At
Wiretap][Full Text]
[The attribution in the text to Mary Shelley must be wrong, since Mary W. died giving
birth to Mary Godwin (later Shelley) in 1797.]
- Mary Shelley (1797-1851): Frankenstein, 1818
[At Wiretap][Full Text]
- Beethoven
Back to Index
V: The Industrial Revolution
Events
- The Agricultural Revolution of the 17th-18th Centuries
- Abraham Cowley (1618-1667): Of Agriculture,
1650 [At this Site]
- Turnips
- John A. Mazis: The Potato [Modern
Account][At UMN]
- Field Rotation
- Animal Breeding
- The Revolution in the Manufacture of Textiles
- The Revolution in Power
- The Great Engineers
- The Process of Industrialization
Social and Political Effects
- The Lives of Workers
- Urban Life: New Social Classes
- Social Reformism
- Florence Nightingale (1820-1910): Rural Hygiene [At
this Site]
Life on the farm was not that much of an improvement over a factory. But, eventually, the
social activists turned their eyes on the countryside as well.
Literary Response
Back to Index
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