Internet Medieval Sourcebook
Medieval Legal History
Editor: Paul Halsall
The Internet Medieval Sourcebook is located at
the
Fordham University Center for
Medieval Studies.
Guide to Contents
This section of the Internet Medieval Sourcebook collects the various online texts related to the
history of law.
- Main Page will take you back to
Sourcebook main page.
- Full Texts will take you to the
index of full text medieval sources.
- Saint's Lives will take you to the page
on hagiography.
Medieval Legal History
- Ancient Legal Texts
A link to the page of the Ancient History Sourcebook which provides texts of
ancient Near Eastern, Greek, and Early Roman legal sources.
- General Legal History
- Roman Law
- Decrees of Roman Emperors
- Law Codes
- Marriage Law
- Legal Commentators
- Byzantine Law
- Slavic Law
- Canon Law
- General
- Ecumenical and General Church Councils
- Other Canon Law Texts
- Full Texts
- Specific Canons
- Papal Decrees
- The Rebirth of Canon Law Studies: 11th Century On
- Later Medieval Canon Law
- Inquisitorial Methods
- Monastic Rules
- Theory of Law
- Germanic Law
- Early Law Codes
- Carolingian Law
- "Feudal" Law
- European Laws and Law
Codes: Post 950
- Laws of Western "Holy Roman" Emperors
- Laws of Italian States
- Laws of Iberian States
- Laws of France
- English Law
- General
- Anglo-Saxon Law
- Early Norman Law
- Origins of Common Law: 12th Century
- Common Law: 13th Century
- English Law: After Edward I
- Various Select Pleas
- Various Cases
- Jewish Law
- Islamic Law
- Modern Western Law
- Commentaries
- International Law
- Constitutional Law
General Legal History
Roman Law
Decrees of Roman Emperors
Law Codes
- The Codex Theodosianus [The Theodosian Code], 438
The Theodosian Code
compiled all the imperial edicts from the time of Constantine I. It was promulgated in
East and West to reinforce the stability of Imperial Law by making clear what the law was.
- The Corpus Iuris Civilis [Code of Civil Law], 529-533 CE
Under the
direction of Tribonian, the Corpus Iurus Civilis was issued in three parts, in
Latin, at the order of the Emperor Justinian. The Codex Justinianus (529) compiled
all of the extant (in Justinian's time) imperial constitutiones from the time of
Hadrian. It used both the Codex Theodosianus and private collections such as the Codex
Gregorianus and Codex Hermogenianus. The Digest, or Pandects, was
issued in 533: it compiled the writings of the great Roman jurists such as Ulpian along
with current edicts. It constituted both the current law of the time, and a turning point
in Roman Law: from then on the sometimes contradictory case law of the past was subsumed
into an ordered legal system. The Institutes was intended as sort of legal textbook
for law schools and included extracts from the two major works. Later, Justinian issued a
number of other laws, mostly in Greek, which were called Novels.
- Roman Law and Marriage
Legal Commentators
- Oldradus de Ponte: No. 35 (Questio), early 14th
century
The issue here is the validity of a marriage contract made under duress. A woman was
kidnapped, held captive and raped over a period of twelve days. During that time, the
villain compelled the woman to pronounce the words of a marriage ceremony, after which he
endeavored to consummate the marriage.
- Oldradus de Ponte: No. 92 (Questio), early 14th
century
The issue here was the responsibility of a knight who had been entrusted with a castle
while a war was going on. That knight gave custody of the castle to someone else who then
lost it to the enemy. Was the original knight liable for the castle's loss? What is the
responsibility of someone who undertakes to keep something safe for someone else?
Byzantine Law
Slavic Law
Canon Law
--General
--Ecumenical and General Church Councils
NOTE: The texts here are public domain English translations from the
Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers series, for the first seven ecumenical councils, and from
H.J. Schroeder, Disciplinary Decrees of the General Councils, (St. Louis: B.
Herder, 1937) [US Copyright expired - confirmed by TAN books, current owner of B. Herder's
list]. These are not necessarily the best available sources for the various council texts,
although they are quite serviceable, and the notes in the NPNF series are very useful.
More recent editions and translations should be consulted for serious academic publication
purposes. I have prepared a Guide to Documentary Sources for Catholic Teaching which lists, in some detail, what I take to be the current
standard editions. See also
Ecumenical Councils - a useful, if denominationally partisan, article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
- First Ecumenical: Nicea I. 325. Canons and commentary on
the First Council of Nicea from Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL]. See also
Catholic Encyclopedia: Homoousion
- Second Ecumenical: Constantinople I, 381. Canons and
commentary on the First Council of Constantinople from Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL].. See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: First Council of Constantinople
- Third Ecumenical: Ephesus, 431. Canons and commentary
on the Council of Ephesus from Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL].. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Council of
Ephesus
NOTE: Only the first three councils would be accepted as ecumenical by the so-called
"monophysite" churches, e.g. the Coptic and Armenian Orthodox Churches.
- Fourth Ecumenical: Chalcedon, 451. Canons and
commentary on the Council of Chalcedon fromNicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL].
- Council of Orange 529, or Version [At EWTN]
- Fifth Ecumenical: Constantinople II, 553. canons and
commentary on the Second Council of Constantinople from Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL].or text of canons alone. See also
Catholic Encyclopedia: Second
Council of Constantinople
- Sixth Ecumenical: Constantinople III, 680-681. Canons
and commentary on the Second Council of Constantinople from Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL].. See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Third Council of Constantinople
- The Quinisext Council: or Council in Trullo,
692. Canons and commentary on the Council in Trullo from Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL].. See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Council in Trullo
- Seventh Ecumenical: Nicea II, 787. Canons and commentary
on the Second Council of Nicea from Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers : Vol XIV [CCEL]. See also
Catholic Encyclopedia: Nicaea,
Second Council of
NOTE: The following councils, although some of them had the support and participation
of Orthodox bishops at the time [e.g. Constantinople IV, Lyons II, Florence] are generally
not regarded as "ecumenical" by Eastern Orthodox or Anglican churches.
- Eighth Ecumenical: Constantinople IV, 869-870. Canons
from Schroeder, Disciplinary Decrees of the General Councils See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Fourth
Council of Constantinople
- Ninth Ecumenical: Council:
Lateran I, 1123. Canons from Schroeder, Disciplinary Decrees of the General
Councils See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Lateran Council, First
- Tenth Ecumenical: Council:
Lateran II, 1139. Canons from Schroeder, Disciplinary Decrees of the General
Councils See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Lateran Council, Second
-
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Lateran Council, Third
- Twelfth Ecumenical: Lateran IV, 1215. Canons from
Schroeder, Disciplinary Decrees of the General Councils See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Lateran
Council, Fourth
- Council of Trent, 1545-63. [at
Hanover College - public domain]
There are also online etexts of council decrees from Norman Tanner, ed., Decrees
of the Ecumenical Councils, (London: Sheed and Ward; Washington. D.C: Georgetown
University Press. 1990). I have made these off-site links (at http://www.ewtn.com)
available. EWTN is a conservative Catholic web site, but it does have a lot of files
[over 9000].
- Council of Nicaea I : 325 A.D., with
Catholic
Encyclopedia article
- Council of Constantinople I : 381 A.D.
- Council of Ephesus : 431 A.D.
- Council of Chalcedon : 451 A.D. and Dogmatic Definition of Council of Chalcedon 451 A.D.
- Council of Constantinople II : 553 AD
- Council of Constantinople III : 680-681 A.D.
- Council of Nicaea II : 787 A.D. , - with Catholic
Encylopedia article
Cf. Nicea II 753 (Iconcolast Synod)
- Council of Constantinople IV : 869-870 A.D. [At Papal Encyclicals]
- Lateran Council I : 1123 A.D.
- Lateran Council II : 1139 A.D.
- Lateran Council III : 1179 A.D.
- Lateran Council IV : 1215 A.D.
- Council of Lyons 1 : 1245 A.D. [At Papal Encyclicals]
- Council of Lyons 2 : 1274 A.D. [At Papal Encyclicals]
- Council of Vienne : 1311-12 A.D.
- Council of Constance 1414-18 A.D.
- Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence : 1431-1435 A.D. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Council of
Basel
- Lateran Council V : 1512-17 A.D. See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Fifth Lateran Council
- Council of Trent : 1545-63 A.D. [at Hanover College - this is public domain].
- Vatican Council I : 1869 AD
- Vatican Council II: Index
--Other Canon Law Texts
- Full texts
- Individual Canons
- Council of Sardica: Canon V on Roman See, 343
- Council of Agde: Concerning Slaves of the
Church, 506
- Fifth Council of Orleans: Concerning Freedmen, 549
- Fourth Council of Toledo: On the Keeping of Slaves,
633
- Fourth Council of Toledo: Division of the Tithe in
Spain, 633
- Pope Gregory III: Prohibition on Selling Christians to
Pagans for Sacrificial Rites, 731
- The Irish Canons: Collection of the Tithe, c. 750
[early Ireland]
- Second Council of Verneuil: On Misappropriation of
Church Funds, 844
- Council of Worms: On the Murder of Slaves, 876
- Council of Altheim: Bequests of the
Clergy, 916
- Papal Decrees
--The Rebirth of Canon Law Studies: 11th Century On
- WEB Carolingian Canon Law [Internet Archive backup here]
- WEB Domus Gratiani: Homepage for Gratian Studies [A. Winroth at Yale, now Internet Archive]
- WEB Decretum Gratiani [A. Winroth] [Internet Archive backup here]
- WEB Medieval Canon Law Virtual Library [Internet Archive backup here]
- The Life of Burchard Bishop of Worms, trans.
William North, 1025
- Papal Election Decree, 1059, Papal and
Imperial Versions, See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Popes, Election of the.
- Council of Rome, 1074.
- Gregory VII: Dictatus Papae, 1075, also
available en castellano; See
Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope St.
Gregory VII
- Gregory VII: Lay Investitures Forbidden, 1074,
1080,
--Later Medieval Canon Law
Inquisitorial Methods
- Bernard Gui: Technique of Interrogations, 1307-1323,
also available en castellano.
- WEB de Heresi: Documents of the Early Medieval Inquisition [Internet Archive backup here]
De Heresi is home to the digital edition of MS 609 of the Bibliothèque municipale de Toulouse, the oldest extant original document from the first generation of inquisition (inquisitio heretice pravitatis, or “inquisition into heretical depravity”). This contains the registry of the so-called “Great Inquisition” of 1245-46, and features the statements from the interrogations of over 5,500 people from over 100 villages around Toulouse. De Heresi contains the digital edition of selections from other archives to help researchers understand more fully the social context of the people subject to the earliest heresy inquisitions.
- Jacques Fournier,
Bishop of Pamiers 1318-1325: The Inquisition Record. [Was At SJSU, now Internet Archive]
English translation by Nancy P. Stork of selected confessions by Cathar heretics and Jews
to Bishop Jacques Fournier and the Inquisition at Pamiers.
- Introduction to Inquistion Documents by David Burr
- Bernard Gui: Inquisitor's Manual, 1307-1323.
- The Case of Na Prous, a beguine, 1325.
- The Trial of Joan of Arc, 1431.
- The Index of Codex Casanatensis, ms. 1730 © Introduction, translation and notes by Geoffrey W. Clement [PDF version available]
Franciscan Inquisitors in Tuscany, early 14th Century.
Monastic Rules
--Eastern
--Western
- Rule of St. Columba 6th Cent
-
The Rule of St. Augustine, [At Villanova] [Internet Archive version here] and in Latin [At The Latin Library]. See also Catholic Encyclopedia:
Rule of St. Augustine
- The Rule of St. Augustine, [At Georgetown] [Internet Archive version here]
- Rule of St. Benedict. See also
Catholic Encyclopedia:
Rule of St. Benedict.
- The Rule of Saint Benedict, shorter
excerpts, ca. 530.
- Charter of Abbey of Cluny See also Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Odo
See the Cluny
Project at the University of Muenster.
- Cistercian Order: Charta Caritatis.
[At OSB.org] [Internet Archive version here].
-
St. Bernard: In Defense of the New Knighthood, early 12th Century, on the Templars.
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Bernard of
Clairvaux,
The New Schaff-Herzog
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge: Bernard of Clairvaux (9th Ed), Catholic Encyclopedia: The Military
Orders, Catholic
Encyclopedia: The Knights Templars, and Catholic Encyclopedia: Hospitallers
of St. John of Jerusalem (Knights of Malta)
- William of Tyre: The Foundation of the Order of
Knights Templar.
-
Primitive Rule of the Templars, 1129.
-
Rule of the Lady
Hospitallers of the Royal Monastery of Sigena, 1188, in Latin, [At Internet Archive, from Kansas]
The Royal Monastery of Sigena was an institution of Lady Hospitallers and enjoyed a great
deal of independence and influence. It would appear that its Rule was the work of Sancha,
Queen of Aragon.
-
The Rule and Statutes of the Teutonic Knights, 1264
- St. Francis (1182-1226): Testament
- Rule of the Franciscan Order.
- Honorius III:
Bull Solet annuere, on the Rule of the Friars Minor, November 29, 1226. [At
New Advent]
- Nicholas III: Exiit qui seminat, Soriano, Italy: August 14, 1279, (With attached Latin Text). [At Francisan Archive]
See also Catholic Encyclopedia:
Nicholas
III
On the confirmation of the rule of the Friars Minor.
- Clement V: Exivi de paradiso, May 6, 1312 with the Ecumenical Council of Vienne in session Latin Text available. [At
Franciscan Archive]
Declaration of the supreme Pontiff on the Rule of the Friars Minor.
- Innocent IV: Bull Quae honorem conditoris omnium ["Whatever Is for the Honor of the Creator of
All"], October 1, 1247. [At EWTN]. See also the version at Carmelites.net.
On the prior and hermits of Mt. Carmel. The Bull includes the Carmelites' mitigated rule.
Theory of Law
Germanic Law
Early Law Codes
- The Ripuarian Law: Inheritance of Allodial Land, c.
450
- Law of the Salian Franks
- Law of The Visigoths: Succession to Inheritance,
c. 475
- The Lombard Law of Rothari: Succession of Legitimate
and Natural Sons, c. 643
- Cain Adamnain: An Old-Irish Treatise on the Law of
Adamnan
- The Jews of Spain
and the Visigothic Code, 654-681 CE
- The Visigothic Code (Forum iudicum) ed. and trans. by S.P. Scott PDF (Print edition: Boston
Book Company, 1910) [Also here at Internet Archive]. Also available in Latin [At MDZ]
- King Harald Harfager of Norway (r. 860-930): Laws
for Land Property
- A notice of the settlement of a dispute between Tesmund the priest and Isembert after the failure of a trial by combat. 941, August: [At Salutemmundo] [Internet Archive backup of index page here]
- Otloh of St Emmeram: The Story of a Miracle that Recently Befell a Certain Layman, trans. William North. PDF [At Carleton] [Internet Archive version here]
Otloh describes an earlier 11th century instance of a judicial ordeal undergone by a layman accused of stealing a horse, the revelation of a different sin, and the subsequent wrath of God against the layman when he attempts to circumvent the letter of his penitential vow to God.
- Formulas Concerning Ordeals
- Ordeal of Boiling Water, 12th or 13th Century.
Carolingian Law
- WEB Capitularia: Edition of the Frankish Capitularies [Internet Acrhive backup here]
- WEB REGESTA IMPERII (715-1519) [Internet Archive backup here]
A
chronologically record all activities evidenced by documents or anything else of the Roman-German kings and emperors.
- Capitulary of Lestinnes: Appropriation of Church
Property for Military Purposes, 743
- Capitulary for Saxony, c.775-790
- Capitulary of Herstal, 779
- Capitulary of Mantua, 781
- Capitulary of Paderbon, 785
- Synod of Frankfort, 794
- Capitulary of Frankfort: The Price of Staples,
794
- General Capitulary of the Missi, 802
- Charlemagne: Letter to Baugulf of Fulda
- Capitulary of 802
- Capitulary De Villis, 9th century
- Charlemagne: Limits on Passage of Merchants,
c. 805-809
-
Charlemagne: Prohibitions on Transactions,
- 803-806
- Charlemagne: Capitulary for the Jews, 814
- Capitulary of Aachen: Payments on Tributary and
Taxable Land, 817
- Carolingian Capitularies on Serfs & Coloni,
803-821
- Louis the Pious: Duties of the Coloni, 817
- Monetary Regulations of the Carolingians,
750-817
- The Judgment of Courtisols, 13 May 847, trans Charles West. [At Turbulent Priests] [Internet Archive version here]
Residents of this early medieval village near Chalons-sur-Marne claimed to be free, but lost their case when a considerable number of their neighbours testified against them in court.
- Charles the Bald: Edict of Pistes, 864
One of the most complete Carolingian documents on the regulation of coinage and mints.
- Regino of Prüm: Canon 19 on Women in Law Courts (early 10th century), trans Charles West. [At Turbulent Priests] [Internet Archive version here]
"Feudal" Law
- Burchard of Worms: Lex Familie Wormatiensis. c.1025,
trans Steve Lane [slane@tezcat.com] An internal law for the dependents of the bishop of
Worms, written mostly to settle disputes and feuds.
- Agreement between Count William V of Aquitaine and Hugh
IV of Lusignan
- John of Ibelin: Account of a Plea, 1198, The
earliest documented instance of an appeal to the Assise sur la ligece.
- The Libri Feudorum (the ‘Books of Fiefs’): An Annotated English Translation of the Vulgata recension with Latin Text, translated by Attilio Stella, 2023. Open Access PDF, full text. [At Brill] [Internet Archive version here]
"The Libri Feudorum (the ‘books of fiefs’) are the earliest written body of feudal customs in Europe, codified in northern Italy c.1100-1250, which gave rise to feudal law as a branch of civil law. Their role in shaping modern ideas of feudalism has aroused an intense debate among medievalists, leading to deep re-thinking of the ‘feudal’ vocabulary and categories."
- Modus Faciendi Homagium & Fidelitatem (The Manner of Doing Homage & Fealty), c. 1275
English common law document.
- Charters relating to Judicial Duels, 11th - 12th Century, trans. Richard Barton
- Duel between Engelardus and the monks of Saint-Serge of Angers, c.1100
- Abbots Daibert and Otbrannus prevent a battle between their monks, 27 and 28
April, 1064
- Trouble between St Martin of Tours and Holy Cross of Talmont leads to a judicial
battle, 1098
- Abbot Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel seeks the right to determine where duels are
held.
-
René of Anjou: Tournament Book,
1406. [At Princeton],
Old French and English text of instructions on how to hold a tournement by King Rene of
Anjou.
- French National Assembly:
Decree Abolishing Feudalism, 11 August 1789. [At Hanover]
Although not a medieval text, this decree of the French Revolutionary assembly is
significant in determining what the modern term feodalisme meant.
Jump Back to Contents
European Laws & Law Codes: Post 950
Unlike England, which developed its insular common law tradition rather early, the
legislative activity of the high medieval states of continental western Europe was heavily
influenced by the revival in the study of Roman law. Nevertheless, customary legal
traditions continued to play an important role.
- Laws of Western "Holy Roman" Emperors
- Laws of Italian States
- Laws of Iberian States
- Laws of France
- International Law
English Law
General
- WEB English Legal History Materials [Robert Palmer, WasAt Univ. Houston, Still useful as on Internet Archive]
- WEB Early English Laws [Internte Archive backup here]
Early English Laws is a project to publish online and in print new editions and translations of all English legal codes, edicts, and treatises produced up to the time of Magna Carta 1215.
- Compare WEB The Law of Hywel
Aattributed to king Hywel ap Cadell (Hywel the Good), d. 950 it prevailed in Wales until 1536.
Anglo-Saxon Law
- Edward the Elder: Coinage Regulations, c.
902-925
- Edgar the Peaceable: Regulation of Coinage,
Measures, and Price of Wool, c. 959-975
- Æthelred Unrædy: The Laws of London,
978
On money.
- Anglo Saxon Dooms, 560-975, In English. These
include:
- The Laws of Æthelberht, King of Kent 560-616 AD
- The Laws of Kings Hlothhære and Eadric 673-686 AD
- The Laws of King Wihtræd 690-725 AD
- The Laws of King Alfred 871-901 AD
- The Laws of King Edward the Elder, 901-924 AD
- The Laws of Alfred, Guthrum, and Edward the Elder
- The North People's Law
- Mercian Law
- The Laws of King Athelstan 924-939 AD
- The Laws of King Edmund I 939-946 AD
- The Laws of King Edgar 959-975 AD
- Æthelberht’s Code, c. 600 CE. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Hlothere and Eadric’s Code c. 679-685 CE [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The Laws of Wihtræd c. 695 CE [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The anonymous tract known as Be Mirciscan Aðe (‘Concerning the Mercian Oath’) 1002-23. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Alfred’s Domboc (‘book of laws’) including Alfred’s Preface, after 89CE [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- King Edmund (939-946): First Code 10th Century. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- King Æthelred (978-1016): Æthelred’s Woodstock Code, also known as I Æthelred. 997. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Canute (Knut): Invasion of England in 1015-16, according to the Knytlinga Saga
[At De Re Militari] [Internet Archive version here] , 1015-16 [At De Re Militari]
- Canute, King of the English: Charter for Christ Church, Canterbury. 1023. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Canute the Great: Granting of Fiefs, 1028
- Canute, King of the English: Inheritance in Case of
Intestacy, c. 1016-1035
Early Norman Law
- Laws of William the Conqueror and in text form. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: William the
Conqueror
- William the Conqueror: Sale of Slaves in
England, c. 1080
- The Domesday Book: Instructions and Example, (1086)
See also
Catholic Encyclopedia:
Domesday Book.
- The "Laws of Henry I": The Murder
Fine
- Henry I: Charter of Liberties, 1100
- Henry I of England: Monetary Regulations,
1108
- Leges Edwardis Confessoris: The Liberties of
London, c. 1120
- Leges Edwardis Confessoris: Tithable
Products of the Land, (Written post 1115)
- Leges Henrici Primi: Law of Partnerships, c.
1109-1118
- Laws of Henry I, copyrighted
but see Robert Palmer: Law and Courts Before Common Law [Was At Univ. Houston, now Internet Archive] for texts, plus discussion, with case
examples.
Origins of Common Law: 12th Century
- Robert Palmer: Origins of Common Law. [Was At Houston, now at Internet Archive]
This informative discussion contains, embedded, the following documents:
- The Treaty of Winchester: Between Stephen and Henry [II], (1153)
- The Writ of Right (from Glanvill, 12.3)
- The Assize of Northampton, cc. 4-5 (1176)
- The Assize of Novel Disseisin [the earliest example of the writ of NOVEL DISSEISIN we
have; it comes from Glanvill, 13.33 (circa 1188)]
- Matthew Hale: The
History of the Common Law of England, 1713. [At McMaster]
-
The
History of England in the Encyclopedia
Britannica, 11th Edition [At 1911 Encyclopedia.org]
- F.W. Maitland: Domesday Book
and Beyond: Three Essays in the Early History of England [At McMaster] [Complete]
One of the fundamental books of medieval English history.
- F. W. Maitland: The Forms of Action at
Common Law, 1909, full text
- Henry II: The Constitutions of Clarendon, 1164
- Henry II: The Assize of Clarendon, 1166
- Henry II: Inquest of Sheriffs, 1170
- Henry II, King of England: The Saladin Tithe,
1188
- Select English Writs
Texts in Latin and English of the most important early writs.
- Robert Palmer: The Law in 1188: Glanvill. [Was At Houston, now at Internet Archive]
Contains substantial excerpts from the law book known as Glanvill
- Robert Palmer: Rules of Law.
[Was At Houston, now at Internet Archive]
Page down this page for text of rules of law such as Utrum and Darein presentment.
- Select English Writs
Texts in Latin and English of the most important early writs.
- Dialogue of the Exchequer, 1180s. [Full text of
Book First, titles of Book Second]
- The Pipe Roll of the Bishopric of
Winchester, 1208-1209
Administration in action!
- English Jewry is Organised: The Ordinances of the Jews,
1194
- King John of England and the Jews: Charters,
c.1201
- Appointment of an Archpriest of the Jews in
England, July 1199
Common Law: 13th Century
- King John of England: Fees for Use of the Great Seal,
1199
- King John of England: Royal Licenses to Export and
Import, 1205-1206
- King John of England: Prisage on Wine, 1205
- Articles of the Barons, Jun 15, 1215 [At Magna Carta] [Internet Acrhive version here]
- Magna Carta, 1215, A Magna Carta in plain text is also available, as is a
British Library modern translation
- Roger of Wendover: Runneymede 1215 from Flowers
of Hisory.
- John I: Concession Of England To The Pope. A.D. 1213,.
- Innocent III: Declaration that Magna Carta is Null and Void, Aug 24, 1215, manuscript [British Library]
- Magna Carta, 1216, (a revised version), copyrighted
- Henry III: Documents of the Church of Salisbury in
the Early 13th Century, trans. Richard Barton
- The Register of Roger Martival, Bishop of Salisbury,
1315-1330, trans. Richard Barton
Texts from the Register of Roger Martivall, Bishop of Salisbury. The last one, in
particular, is of interest, as it is concerned with criminous clerks and clerical status.
- Modus Faciendi Homagium & Fidelitatem (The Manner of Doing Homage & Fealty), c. 1275
English common law document.
- Statuta Armorum (The Statutes of Arms),
c. 1260
- The Assizes of Bread, Beer, & Lucrum Pistoris
- Judicium Pillorie (The Judgment of the
Pillory)
- Statuta de Mercatoribus (Statutes of
Merchants), 11 Edw. I (1283) & 13 Edw. I (1285)
- Statuta de Forstallariis (Statute of
Forestallers), c. 1300
English Law: After Edward I
- Edward I: Statute of Mortmain, 1279
- Edward I: Statute of Quia Emptores, 1290
- Summons of a Bishop, a Baron, and the Commons to
Parliament, 1295
- Edward I: Confirmation of the Charters, 1297
-
Edward I: Confirmatio Cartarum,
November 5, 1297, (Confirmation of Henry III's version of the Magna Carta). [Was At Britannia.com, now Internet Archive]
- Robert Palmer: Statutes of Edward I [Was At Univ. Houston, now Internet Archive]
Texts, plus discussion, with case examples.
- Robert Palmer: The Equity Courts.
[Was At Univ. Houston, now Internet Archive]
Texts, plus discussion, with case examples.
- Edward II: Coronation Oath, 1308
-
Ordinance of Laborers, 1349
- Statute of Laborers, 1351
- Thomas Walsingham: The Good Parliament of 1376,
from Chronicon Angliae
- The Manner and Form of
the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England, 1385 - 1460
- Titulus Regius, 1484
The Act of Parliament settling the crown on Richard III.
Various Select PleasThese documents illustrate the development of the English legal system.
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 - Cornish
Eyre
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial
Courts, Reigns of Henry III and Edward III - Manor of Brightwaltham
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Lincolnshire Eyre
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Northamptonshire Eyre
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Bedfordshire Eyre
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Staffordshire Eyre
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Shropshire Eyre
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns of
Henry III and Edward I--Manors of the Abbey of Bec, 1247
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I--Manors of the Abbey of Bec, 1248
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I--Manors of the Abbey of Bec, 1249
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I--Manors of the Abbey of Bec, 1275
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I--Manors of the Abbey of Bec, 1280
Various Cases
- Concord made between Laurence the Clerk, Son of
William & Sir Simon, son of Richard of Stanstead and their kinsmen, c. 1150 x 1178
- Robert Palmer: Women and the Law [Was At Houston, now Internet Archive]
Glanvill on Law as it applies to women in England, 1188
- The Strange Story of Thomas of Elderfield, 13th
Century
- The Questioning of Eleanor Rykener (also known as John), A Cross-Dressing
Prostitute, 1395,
This is the one a a minute number of texts from legal processes on same-sex activities in
late medieval England. The document contains a facsimile of the Roll membrane, a Latin
transcription, and a translation.
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Jewish Law
Islamic Law
Modern Western Law
Commentaries
- Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws, Translated by
Thomas Nugent, revised by J. V. Prichard, 1914 ed., full text [Internet Archive]
- Blackstone's Commentaries, with
notes by St. George Tucker, 1803, full text
International Law
Constitutional Law
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